Advanced LIB materials
Cathode
Layered materials
- Properties
LiMO2 (M3+) ↔ Li+ + MO2 (M4+)
– hexagonal (R3-m)
– 2D - Li diffusion (x, y axis)
– Li-O-TM-O-Li (repeating)
– expensive
- Standard materials
– LiCoO2
– Ni-rich (LiNixCoyMzO2 , M=Mn, Al)
– Li-rich (xLi2MnO3 * (1-x) LiMO2 (M=Mn, Ni, Co)
Spinel materials
- Properties
LiM2O4 (M3++, M4+) ↔ Li+ + M2O4 (2M4+)
– Cubic (Fd-3m)
– 3D-Li diffusion (x, y, z axis)
– Mn dissolution
– Jahn - Teller distortion
- Standard materials
– LiMnO
– LiMxMn2-xO4 (M=Co, Ni, Al, Mg)
Olivine materials
- Properties
LiMPO4 (M2+) ↔ Li+ + MPO4 (M3+)
– hexagonal (Pmnb)
– 1D - Li diffusion (x axis)
– Two -phase reaction
– Excellent cycle life
- Standard materials
– LiFePO4
anode
Intercalation (Graphite, LTO etc.)
Intercalation Materials : Li-ions insert into structure of anode materials
Alloying (Si, Ge, Al, Sn etc.)
Alloying Materials : Inserted Li-ions make alloying structure with anode materials
Conversion (Metal Oxide -Fe2O3, Fe3 O4, Co3O4 , etc)
Conversion Materials : Inserted Li-ions react oxygen inside of anode materials
Direct Deposit (Lithium metal)
Direct Deposit : Li-ions directly deposit at surface of anode material
